Sunday, 29 July 2012

LITERATURE




Now we are going to start looking deep into literature, but what`s literature? what can be considered literature?  well, acording to Its definition literature is: "a highly developed use of language in that is the stylized manipulation of language for larger effect (purpose) and/or affect (emotional response)" (definition taken from the  Language and Literature course companion book).


 In some sort of introduction to literature and to understand it better, our task was to formulate some questions about some fragments from really complex novels, which were: "The Leopard" (Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa) and "Notable American Women" (Ben Marcus).


My question where:


-What`s the sense of the mytical figures in the text? what do they mean?


-Where are they? What is he describing?


-It is a good traslation from Italian?


and for the second text:


-About the last term, is it used literally?


-Who is the narrator? what is his relathionship to the author?


-Why the author is a possible character in the noble?




We also take a look at context. The context of a novel is everything surrounding the novel that affect the author and the reader and can be used to identify the real meanind of the book. We have the context of production and the context of reception.



  • Context of production: Historical and biographical facts about the author and his life.

  • Context of reception: You (as a reader) are very important in understanding the meaning of the text. Your experiences and emotions will affect the way you interpret and see a text or novel.









Language and gender


One of the facts that influences our way of using language is our Gender. Obviously, every person is different, but we can still find some patrons in the way women and men speak, basicly there are differences in the expressions and the use that both genders give to language. These differences in the way men and women speak often produce misunderstandings between them. The main differences in the way women and men speak are:


-Language is more important for women (and they speak more)



-Women have more ability in communicating


-Men talk about facts, while women about feelings


-Men use language in a competitive way; women, in a cooperative way.


Adds Activity


We also look that in advertising there are many stereotypes about women and men, and that some adds are focused and intended for men and other for women. to understand this better we make a acitivity where we make adds trying to focused on men and onether one on women. In the end it was impressive how both adds (one of pair boots, the other of a perfume) were full of stereotypes regarding both genders and how adds can use many of this stereotypes to focused the people they want to buy the product.





To kill a Mockingbird part 1

1. What is the reason for the author's choice of a young narrator?

 To give us a more innocent  perspective of life and a different view from the usual adult`s view of things

2. How does Jem and Scout's views of Boo Radley change during  part 1 of the book?

 First they were afraid of him and think he was a dangerous and bad person. But then due to a seires of incidents and ocassions like when Jem found his trousers  nice and tidy or when the brohers found gifts in a tree of the Radley house. All this and more lead the boys to start looking at Boo Radley better than before.
3. Atticus tells the children several times that they need to walk in someone else's shoes before judging the person. Describe times when Atticus, Scout or Jem walk in someone else's shoes. How does this change how they view the situations? What role does this advice play in sympathy and compassion? 

Atticus has always tried to teach their children to be educated and not to bother anyone. One of the many possible examples of this, is what happened with Walter Cunningham. In the school, he didn't have anything for lunch, so the teacher tried to lend him money. But his values told him that he couldn't accept something he couldn't pay afterwards. In the break, Jem saw them and  he invited Cunningham for lunch. While eating,  Scout  get angy with Cunnigham  and she was sent to the kitchen by Atticus and Calpurnia, and Atticus told her to try to put in  Walter shoes before criticising.


4. How do you think Atticus managed his role as a single parent? 

Ithink that Atticus was a very good parent although a little bis distant. He always look the best for his sons and try to teach the his sons some good lessons about life. He was a very respected figure and let Scout and Jem do most of the time as they please, so in that way he could actually teach and make them learned their mistakes and get better. 

5. Discuss race issues in part 1 of the book.

The novel describe a southern U.S. town where discrimination against Afro-Americans was very common. Therefore, when Atticus accept to defend  Tom Robinson, a "negro", the whole town went into conmotion and dissaproved his decision and even Scout and Jem get bothered by other people in town because of his father defending a "negro", this was to the point even Atticus relatives and family bothered them.

6. From your reading of part 1, What does To Kill a Mockingbird teach us about how people cope with issues of race and class? Do you classify people in your world as different "folks?" Do you see those sort of distinctions today? 

In the book thay speak a lot about discrimination and how bad it can turn to be, as the people in Maycomb get really angry with anything involving  afro-americans and they discrimate them everytime. Nowadays although  discrimination is not like in those times, we still tend to look a person as strange is he is different than us. For example we look at black or asian people as different and not like us, although in pther countries like Australia or New Zealand, there are people from a lot of cultures and no one is look as an inferior person.

7. Who is your favorite character from part 1 and why? 

My favorite character from the novel at the moment is Scout, because she is young and innocent, therefore we can  see how she develops and learned important lessons about life. Also this way we can look at how a young kid perceive  things in general with is really interest, specially in this case considering she is living in the middle 20s, times where there still was a lot of discrimination and women still have less rights than men.


 To kill a mockingbird, chapter 1

Chapter 1, Questions

1.-What do you learn in this chapter about Maycomb, Atticus Finch and his family? 

Maycomb was a very little town in the countryside of U.S. where everyone knows each other. Also the town was poor, it doesn`t have anything special and most of the people were farmers. Atticus finch was a lawyer with an accomodate situation in Maycomb. He have two sons, Scout and Jem wich were young and go to school.


2.-Describe Calpurnia as Scout depicts her in Chapter 1

Calpurnia is despicted as a tyrannical person, who criticizes Scout everytime she can. Basicly, she was a very conflicting person who wasn``t afraid to say what she thinks

3.-What does Dill dare Jem to do?

Dill dare Jem to go and touch the Radley house.

4.-The townspeople of Maycomb have some fears and superstitions about the Radley place. Describe these fears and superstitions.

People said that it was a cursed house, that the Radley family was a bad family, because they didn't go to church. Their doors were always closed, so they were quite strange people.  Also they were afraid of "Boo" Radley because  when he was young he was part of the closest thing to a gang Maycomb ever see, and after that and another incident, he would never went out of his house anymore.

5.-How important is bravery to Jem?

  For Jem, bravery was a very important thing because he had a sister, Scout, and he can't be coward in front of her.

6.-What do you notice about the narrative voice and viewpoint of the story?

 I notice that the narrator was  Scout,  Atticus daughter. She was a very little and innocent girl, so her narrative voice is also like very childish  and innocent.

Monday, 23 July 2012



                        TO KILL A MOCKINGBIRD CONTEXT



What is the cultural and educational background of the author?


Nelle Harper Lee was born in 1926 in the little town of Monroeville (Alabama, United States), her schoolmate and neighbour was Truman Capote (other important writer), she studied in the Huntingdon College and later she studied laws in the University of Alabama, but she didn’t like it, so she went to New York City to be a writer.  Her mother was a homemaker; her father, a former newspaper editor and proprietor, practiced law and served in the Alabama State Legislature from 1926 to 1938. 
Historical context of the story:


-The Dust Bowl: It was an ecological disaster which made most of the crops in the US disease. 


-Economic depression: During the 1920s after the first world war, U.S face a great and terrible crysis, where lots of people lost everything and went on to live out of the cities to the rural areas.
During this period there were a lot of unenployed and poor people


-Discrimination and racial segregation: During this time black people still have less rights than whit people and they were constanly discriminated and separated from white people, specially in the south. An example of this were the Jim Crow laws, wich rules between 1876 and 1965 in the U.S